Overview
The ACPR (Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution) is France's banking and insurance supervisor, operating within the Banque de France and, for banks, inside the ECB's Single Supervisory Mechanism. In 2025 it supervised 653 banking-sector establishments and 628 insurance and reinsurance organisations, and took 255 licensing and authorisation decisions. Its Fintech-Innovation unit answered new entrants' regulatory questions within two weeks in 96% of cases, and the average response time during authorisation dossiers was 9.5 days. Everything below is the ACPR's own data, from its FY2025 annual report.
Regulated sectors
5BanksPayment institutionsE-money institutionsInsurance companiesCredit institutions
Figures as published by Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution for FY2025. Source: ACPR Rapport annuel 2025 (French) (Published 21 May 2026). Data as of 31 December 2025. Supplementary: Publication notice (French).
Leadership
2Emmanuel MoulinChairman (Governor of the Banque de France, ex officio)since 2026
Emmanuelle AssouanSecretary Generalsince 2026
Full board
Organisation (FY2025)
Staff1,046 FTEAnnual average; ACPR General Secretariat only — personnel employed by the Banque de France
Supervised entities (31 December 2025)
Banking-sector establishments653Down from 657 (2024). Incl. 323 credit institutions · 100 investment firms · 139 financing companies · 58 payment institutions · 23 e-money institutions · 10 AISPs
Insurance & reinsurance organisations628Down from 639; mutuals fell by 14 in continued sector consolidation
Other authorised establishments233217 manual currency changers · 12 credit servicers · 4 third-party financing companies
Intermediaries — commercial practices65,000+
Intermediaries — AML/CFT~18,000Per Art. L. 561-2 CMF
Estimate Licensing 2025
Authorisation decisions — total255122 insurance · 133 banking. Grants & registrations 45 · extensions 15 · withdrawals 55 · shareholding changes 86 · mergers/portfolio transfers 23
Fit-and-proper decisions2,6951,967 banking (incl. 428 via the ECB) + 728 insurance
PSP-agent authorisations5,281Incl. 1,223 agents in other EEA states
European passport decisions181 banking · 271 outbound + 183 inbound insurance
Credit servicers licensed129 allowed to hold borrower funds; new regime under Directive 2021/2167
Fintech charter processing times96% within 2 weeksFintech regulatory questions answered · 9.5-day average response during authorisation dossiers
Supervisory activity 2025
On-site inspections — prudential87
On-site inspections — commercial practices70Plus 12 investigations · 1,818 advertisements analysed
On-site inspections — AML/CFT25vs 35 in 2024. AML chapter also reports 28 controls (incl. 3 joint prudential-AML) plus 7 on-site visits
AML risk profiles assessed972 organisations
DORA year one~200 major ICT incidents notified175 entities surveyed on compliance; ~15% malicious in origin, 60% involving an IT service provider
Estimate Resolution38 preventive resolution plans adopted
Enforcement 2025
Sanctions Committee decisions4Calendar year 2025; one unpublished
Pecuniary sanctions€1.35m cumulative3 fines €250k–€600k plus 3 reprimands. Low volume reflects few referrals in 2023–24
Administrative police measures (AML)5 formal notices · 2 activity limitations · 30 follow-up letters
Commercial practices6 formal notices · 5 disciplinary proceedings opened
Tracfin / tax referrals303 suspicion reports to Tracfin · 81 referrals to DGFiP
Crypto / MiCA
FY2025PSCA registrations — ACPR opinions8 assenting opinions (avis conformes)AMF is France's CASP licensing authority; ACPR opines and supervises AML for PSAN/PSCA and prudential aspects of e-money-token issuers
First DLT pilot-regime investment firm1 authorisedFirst French firm authorised under the EU DLT pilot regime
Notable 2025
First full year of DORA~200 major ICT incidents notified — around 15% malicious in origin, 60% involving an IT service provider.
Estimate Tokenised finance milestoneAuthorised the first French investment firm under the EU DLT "pilot regime" for tokenised financial instruments, and the first two specialised reverse-mortgage financing companies.
System-wide stress testWith the Banque de France and the AMF, launched France's first system-wide stress test across banks, insurers and non-bank intermediaries (25 institutions; final report expected autumn 2026).
Decade-defining leadership changeFrançois Villeroy de Galhau presented his final annual report before leaving in June 2026 after more than ten years chairing the ACPR.
Captive momentumFive new reinsurance captives licensed in 2025, bringing the total to 24 active captives — a fast-growing niche since France's captive-friendly reforms.
Key legislation
2Code monétaire et financierFrench financial code
Code des assurancesInsurance code
Registers, portals and publications