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Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution
ACPR · Banking regulatorMeasured
Employees
1,046
· FTE, annual average · ACPR General SecretariatFY2025
Annual budget
€220M
2024
Supervised entities
1,281
· 653 banking + 628 insurance & reinsuranceFY2025
Overview
The ACPR (Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution) is France's banking and insurance supervisor, operating within the Banque de France and, for banks, inside the ECB's Single Supervisory Mechanism. In 2025 it supervised 653 banking-sector establishments and 628 insurance and reinsurance organisations, and took 255 licensing and authorisation decisions. Its Fintech-Innovation unit answered new entrants' regulatory questions within two weeks in 96% of cases, and the average response time during authorisation dossiers was 9.5 days. Everything below is the ACPR's own data, from its FY2025 annual report.
Regulated sectors
Leadership
- Emmanuel MoulinChairman (Governor of the Banque de France, ex officio) · since 2026
- Emmanuelle AssouanSecretary General · since 2026
Figures as published by Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution for FY2025. Source: ACPR Rapport annuel 2025 (French) (Published 21 May 2026). Data as of 31 December 2025. Supplementary: Publication notice (French).
Organisation (FY2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Staff | 1,046 FTE Annual average; ACPR General Secretariat only — personnel employed by the Banque de France |
Supervised entities (31 December 2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Banking-sector establishments | 653 Down from 657 (2024). Incl. 323 credit institutions · 100 investment firms · 139 financing companies · 58 payment institutions · 23 e-money institutions · 10 AISPs |
| Insurance & reinsurance organisations | 628 Down from 639; mutuals fell by 14 in continued sector consolidation |
| Other authorised establishments | 233 217 manual currency changers · 12 credit servicers · 4 third-party financing companies |
| Intermediaries — commercial practices | 65,000+ |
| Intermediaries — AML/CFT | ~18,000 Per Art. L. 561-2 CMF |
Licensing 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Authorisation decisions — total | 255 122 insurance · 133 banking. Grants & registrations 45 · extensions 15 · withdrawals 55 · shareholding changes 86 · mergers/portfolio transfers 23 |
| Fit-and-proper decisions | 2,695 1,967 banking (incl. 428 via the ECB) + 728 insurance |
| PSP-agent authorisations | 5,281 Incl. 1,223 agents in other EEA states |
| European passport decisions | 181 banking · 271 outbound + 183 inbound insurance |
| Credit servicers licensed | 12 9 allowed to hold borrower funds; new regime under Directive 2021/2167 |
| Fintech charter processing times | 96% within 2 weeks Fintech regulatory questions answered · 9.5-day average response during authorisation dossiers |
Supervisory activity 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| On-site inspections — prudential | 87 |
| On-site inspections — commercial practices | 70 Plus 12 investigations · 1,818 advertisements analysed |
| On-site inspections — AML/CFT | 25 vs 35 in 2024. AML chapter also reports 28 controls (incl. 3 joint prudential-AML) plus 7 on-site visits |
| AML risk profiles assessed | 972 organisations |
| DORA year one | ~200 major ICT incidents notified 175 entities surveyed on compliance; ~15% malicious in origin, 60% involving an IT service provider |
| Resolution | 38 preventive resolution plans adopted |
Enforcement 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Sanctions Committee decisions | 4 Calendar year 2025; one unpublished |
| Pecuniary sanctions | €1.35m cumulative 3 fines €250k–€600k plus 3 reprimands. Low volume reflects few referrals in 2023–24 |
| Administrative police measures (AML) | 5 formal notices · 2 activity limitations · 30 follow-up letters |
| Commercial practices | 6 formal notices · 5 disciplinary proceedings opened |
| Tracfin / tax referrals | 303 suspicion reports to Tracfin · 81 referrals to DGFiP |
Crypto / MiCA
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| PSCA registrations — ACPR opinions | 8 assenting opinions (avis conformes) AMF is France's CASP licensing authority; ACPR opines and supervises AML for PSAN/PSCA and prudential aspects of e-money-token issuers |
| First DLT pilot-regime investment firm | 1 authorised First French firm authorised under the EU DLT pilot regime |
Notable 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| First full year of DORA | ~200 major ICT incidents notified — around 15% malicious in origin, 60% involving an IT service provider. |
| Tokenised finance milestone | Authorised the first French investment firm under the EU DLT "pilot regime" for tokenised financial instruments, and the first two specialised reverse-mortgage financing companies. |
| System-wide stress test | With the Banque de France and the AMF, launched France's first system-wide stress test across banks, insurers and non-bank intermediaries (25 institutions; final report expected autumn 2026). |
| Decade-defining leadership change | François Villeroy de Galhau presented his final annual report before leaving in June 2026 after more than ten years chairing the ACPR. |
| Captive momentum | Five new reinsurance captives licensed in 2025, bringing the total to 24 active captives — a fast-growing niche since France's captive-friendly reforms. |
Key legislation
Code monétaire et financier
French financial code
Code des assurances
Insurance code
Public registers
Application portals
Recent publications
- ACPR Rapport annuel 2025
2026-05-21