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Autoriteit Financiële Markten
AFM · Financial supervisory authorityActive
Employees
839
· FTE, year-endFY2025
Annual budget
€154.9m
· realised supervision costsFY2025
Supervised entities
~3,900
2024
Overview
The AFM is the Dutch conduct authority, supervising financial services, capital markets, asset management and the audit sector in one of Europe's most internationalised financial marketplaces. It became the Netherlands' MiCA authority for crypto-asset service providers in 2025, handling 36 CASP applications and notifications in the regime's first year and granting 15 MiCAR licences plus 3 notifications. Across all sectors it granted 375 licences, ran 2,284 fit-and-proper assessments and collected €16.7 million from formal enforcement measures, while producing the first official estimate of Dutch investment fraud: roughly €750 million a year. Everything below is the AFM's own data, from its FY2025 annual report.
Regulated sectors
Leadership
- Laura van GeestChair of the Executive Board · since 2020
- Hanzo van BeusekomExecutive Board member · since 2018
- Jos HeuvelmanExecutive Board member · since 2018
- Marije LelyExecutive Board member · since 2025
Figures as published by Autoriteit Financiële Markten for FY2025. Source: AFM Jaarverslag 2025 (Dutch) (Published spring 2026). Data as of 31 December 2025. Supplementary: AFM jaaroverzicht 2025 (interactive annual overview).
Organisation (FY2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Staff — FTE, year-end | 839 2024: 772; 2023: 697. Year-end budget was 843 FTE; inflow 138, outflow 72 |
| Realised costs | €154.9m Budget €165.9m; 2024: −€13.2m under. Industry-funded under the Wbft cost framework |
| MiCAR share of 2025 cost framework | €3.4m |
| DORA share of 2025 cost framework | €0.3m |
Licensing 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Licences granted — total | 375 Financial services 311 · asset management 30 · audit 16 · crypto parties 18 |
| CASP applications & notifications handled | 36 |
| MiCAR CASP licences granted | 15 Plus 3 notifications completed; several applications still pending at year-end |
| Financial-service-provider licence withdrawals requested | 552 |
| FSP applications not leading to a licence | 34 |
| Fit-and-proper assessments | 2,284 Of which crypto-related: 64 (all new in 2025); ~95% of initial assessments positive |
Enforcement 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Formal enforcement measures | 25 2024: 30. Incl. 8 fines, 4 instructions, 5 public warnings, 1 licence revocation, 2 criminal referrals |
| Amount collected from formal measures | €16.7m |
| Informal measures | 446 2024: 427; incl. 119 boiler-room warnings |
| Market-abuse investigations | 18 opened, 23 concluded STORs up 22% year-on-year |
| Consumer / business contact moments | 14,504 +1,742 vs 2024 |
Notable 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| MiCA authority for the Netherlands | The AFM became the Netherlands' MiCA CASP authority in 2025 as DNB's registration regime ended. The Dutch transitional regime closed early on 30 June 2025 — a full year before the EU-wide deadline. |
| First official estimate of investment fraud in NL | ~€750m per year — a multiple of previously registered figures. AFM issued 119 boiler-room warnings, taking half the flagged websites offline. |
| New teams built | For MiCAR, DORA, CSRD and the pension transition — while closing FY2025 €11m under budget. |
| Board seats | AFM sits on the boards of both ESMA and IOSCO. |
Key legislation
Wet op het financieel toezicht (Wft)
Financial Supervision Act — foundational
Wwft
AML Act
Uitvoeringswet MiCA
MiCA implementation Act
Public registers
Application portals
Recent publications
- AFM Jaarverslag 2025
2026-04-15