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Banco de Portugal
Banco de Portugal · Central bankSelective
Employees
1,687
· whole institutionFY2025
Annual budget
€222m
· operating expenditure (whole institution)FY2025
Supervised entities
≈6,360
· entities licensed under covered frameworks (approx.)FY2025
Overview
Banco de Portugal is Portugal's central bank and the prudential and conduct supervisor for the country's credit institutions, financial companies, payment institutions and electronic money institutions, and since December 2025 the authorising and prudential authority for crypto-asset service providers. In 2025 it concluded 720 administrative offence proceedings against supervised entities, 150 more than the year before, imposing €6.3 million in fines, and opened 479 investigations into unauthorised financial activity — 149 more than in 2024, over half of them fraudulent schemes. It handled 33,375 complaints against financial institutions and recovered €8.9 million in improperly charged interest and fees for customers. Everything below is Banco de Portugal's own data, from its Annual Report – Activities and Financial Statements 2025.
Banco de Portugal is an integrated central bank. This figure covers the whole institution, including monetary policy, currency and reserve management functions alongside supervision, and is not directly comparable with standalone supervisory authorities.
Regulated sectors
Leadership
- Álvaro Santos PereiraGovernor · since 2025
- Clara RaposoVice-Governor · since 2022
Figures as published by Banco de Portugal for FY2025. Source: Banco de Portugal — Annual Report 2025 (Published 23 April 2026). Data as of 31 December 2025.
Organisation (FY2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Staff | 1,687 Employees in active service at 31 December 2025; whole-institution basis — monetary policy, statistics, cash and banknote operations alongside supervision. Down from 1,797 at end-2024 |
| Operating expenditure | €222m Basis: despesas de funcionamento, not budget and not funding income. Up 4.7% on 2024, driven mainly by staff costs following the pay settlement |
| Result before provisions and tax | −€304m Substantially less negative than 2024 (−€1,142m) |
| Net result | −€1.4m After use of the general risk provision |
| Balance sheet | €211bn Up €20bn on end-2024, mainly the effect of a 46% rise in the gold price |
| Banknotes issued | €6,022m 7% more than the previous year |
Supervised entities (end-2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Entities licensed under covered frameworks | ≈6,360 Approximate. 6,216 credit intermediaries on the conduct register (precise) + ~145 credit institutions, payment / e-money institutions and financial companies |
| — of which credit intermediaries | 6,216 Active credit intermediaries under behavioural conduct supervision; assist consumers with mortgage and auto finance, hold no deposits |
| — of which core institutions | ~145 Credit institutions (domestic retail and universal banks, mutual agricultural credit institutions, foreign branches) + ~10–15 payment and e-money institutions + the financial companies |
Enforcement 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Administrative offence proceedings concluded | 720 Against supervised entities; 150 more than 2024 |
| Fines imposed | €6.3m Arising from the 720 concluded proceedings; calendar year 2025 |
| Unauthorised activity investigations opened | 479 149 more than 2024; more than half were fraudulent schemes |
Consumer protection 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Complaints received | 33,375 Of which 22,795 fell within Banco de Portugal's remit |
| Complaints with evidence of infringement | 6.3% of closed complaints |
| Restitution to customers | €8.9m Interest and charges unduly collected, repaid by institutions following supervisory action |
Crypto / MiCA
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| MiCA competent authority | Authorising and prudential authority from 27 December 2025 Law No 69/2025 of 22 December 2025 designates Banco de Portugal and the CMVM as Portugal's MiCA competent authorities. BdP handles CASP authorisation and prudential supervision and supervises public offerings of asset-referenced and e-money tokens. Applications are filed with BdP, which notifies the CMVM; the CMVM may return a reasoned opinion within the MiCA deadline |
Notable 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Late MiCA designation | Portugal only designated its MiCA competent authorities on 22 December 2025, through Law No 69/2025, in force from 27 December 2025 — roughly a year after MiCA became fully applicable across the EU. Any low 2025 grant count reflects that transposition timetable, not the pace of decision-making. |
| Enforcement volume rose sharply | 720 admin offence proceedings concluded (+150 y/y); 479 unauthorised-activity investigations opened (+149 y/y). |
| Banknote assessment service | Returned €1.7m to citizens from 44,000 severely damaged banknotes. |
| Strategic plan 2021–2025 | Completed during the year. |
| Entrecampos office | First payment of €57.6m made under the promissory contract to acquire a new office building at Entrecampos in Lisbon; estimated total ~€192m, amortised over 50 years under ECB rules. |
| BES and BANIF resolution litigation | Rulings went in favour of Banco de Portugal and the Resolution Fund, including two decisions confirming the legality of the December 2015 retransfer of certain Novo Banco liabilities to BES. |
Key legislation
Organic Law of Banco de Portugal (Law No 5/98)
Central-bank statute and supervisory mandate
Regime Geral das Instituições de Crédito e Sociedades Financeiras (RGICSF, DL 298/92)
Banking and financial companies
Regime Jurídico dos Serviços de Pagamento e da Moeda Electrónica (DL 91/2018)
PSD2 / EMD transposition
Law No 69/2025 of 22 December 2025
Portugal's MiCA competent authority designation — BdP for CASPs and ART/EMT issuers
Public registers
Application portals
Recent publications
- Banco de Portugal Annual Report 2025
2026-04-23