Overview
Banca d'Italia is Italy's central bank and the prudential supervisor of its banks and non-bank financial intermediaries within the Single Supervisory Mechanism. In 2025 it carried out 116 on-site inspections and over 16,400 supervisory analyses and interventions across banks and non-bank intermediaries, and ordered intermediaries to return €35.4 million to customers. It also extended its AML supervisory provisions to crypto-asset service providers as MiCA took hold in Italy. Everything below is Banca d'Italia's own data, from its FY2025 annual report.
Leadership
2Fabio PanettaGovernorsince 2023
Paolo AngeliniDirector Generalsince 2026
Full board
Organisation (FY2025)
Staff7,050 employees (end-2025)+23 y/y. Whole institution — 4,866 head office, 1,908 branch network, 272 secondments, 4 abroad. Includes monetary policy, banknote production, treasury services and the UIF; not supervision capacity
Operating cost€1,856m+4% nominal. Eurosystem analytic-accounting basis, whole institution — distinct from the statutory accounts
Financial result€1,652m net profit€1,272m distributed to the Italian State; €466m taxes. Context, not a supervision metric
Supervisory activity 2025
Supervisory actions — banks11,200+Azioni di vigilanza conoscitiva e correttiva
Supervisory actions — non-bank intermediaries~4,300
Estimate On-site inspections116Report's key-figures value across banks and non-bank intermediaries. Component figures disclosed: 25 at significant banks (with the SSM, incl. internal-model validations) · 22 at less-significant banks · 43 at non-bank financial entities
Analyses, meetings, intervention letters, measures16,400
Crisis management110 LSI resolution plans + contributions to 8 SI plansIn the SRB. Two new compulsory liquidations; 38 liquidations ongoing at year-end
Macroprudential7 systemically important institutions designated
AML / CFT 2025
Intermediaries in annual AML cycle356Group-level analysis for 32 banking groups
Interventions / inspections552 interventions · 38 inspections · 3 thematic investigationsIn line with 2024
CryptoAML supervisory provisions extended to crypto-asset service providersAlongside EBA guidance on restrictive measures
Consumer protection 2025
Restitution ordered to customers€35.4mvs €54m in 2024. Outcome of off-site and on-site supervision
Complaints handled~12,800 general + ~3,200 Central Credit RegisterAverage response 13 and 18 days respectively
Estimate Banking & Financial Ombudsman (ABF)~12,500 decisions37% upheld in whole or part; 107-day average
Estimate Notable 2025
Return to profitBanca d'Italia returned to profit in 2025 (€1,652m net) after two loss-making years, sending €1,272m to the Italian State.
Branch network reshapedPrudential supervision concentrated in 8 branches, two branch closures announced, and the network heading to 36 branches.
Payments-infrastructure roleCo-runs the Eurosystem's core payment platforms — develops and operates T2 and T2S with the Bundesbank and built and runs TIPS, whose instant-payment volumes more than doubled in 2025.
Hiring waveOver 400 hires are planned for 2026 to staff European projects, the digital-euro build-out and the digital transformation of the Bank.
Governor's global roleFabio Panetta has chaired the BIS Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures since 2023 — an unusually central role in global payments standard-setting for a national supervisor.
Key legislation
3Testo Unico Bancario (TUB)Consolidated Banking Act
Testo Unico della Finanza (TUF)Consolidated Finance Act
D.Lgs. 129/2024MiCA / DORA implementation
Registers, portals and publications