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2,130
· whole institution — 31 Dec 2025FY2025
Annual budget
≈€159.8M
· operating expenses — FY2025 (personnel + administrative + depreciation + other general; derived)FY2025
Supervised entities
~219
· 31 Dec 2025 — 29 credit institutions incl. 10 EU branches + 175 general-register NBFIs + 12 PIs + 3 EMIs (small dual-registration overlap)FY2025
Overview
The Banca Națională a României is Romania's central bank and the prudential supervisor of the country's credit institutions, payment institutions and electronic money institutions; it also houses the national bank-resolution authority. Its Annual Report 2025, published in June 2026, records a profit of RON 2.34 billion (≈ €0.46 billion), driven mainly by net income of RON 9.02 billion (≈ €1.78 billion) from managing foreign-currency assets and liabilities, with external assets up 11.1% year-on-year in nominal RON terms. Romania's gold reserve stood at 103.6 tonnes, of which 61.2 tonnes in custody at the Bank of England. Everything below is BNR's own data, from its FY2025 annual report.
Regulated sectors
Leadership
- Mugur IsărescuGovernor · since 1990
- Leonardo BadeaFirst Deputy Governor · since October 2024
Figures as published by Banca Națională a României for FY2025. Source: BNR Raport anual 2025 (Romanian) (Published June 2026). Data as of 31 December 2025.
Organisation (FY2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Staff | 2,130 Whole institution — 31 December 2025. Not supervision capacity |
| Operating expenses | ≈€159.8M FY2025 — derived: personnel + administrative + depreciation + other general. Monetary-policy interest and revaluation effects excluded from the operating-expense figure by construction |
Supervised population (31 Dec 2025)
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Total authorised/registered institutions | ~219 Composition: 29 credit institutions (incl. 10 EU branches) + 175 general-register NBFIs + 12 payment institutions + 3 e-money institutions. Small dual-registration overlap noted |
| Licensing (FY2025) | 1 PI authorised · 1 rejected · 5 pending |
| Prudential inspections | 28 at credit institutions 20 planned + 8 ad-hoc; plus 4 at NBFIs and 23 AML actions |
Financial result 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| BNR profit | RON 2.34bn (~€0.46bn) BNR notes it does not pursue profit maximisation |
| Net FX asset/liability management income | RON 9.018bn (~€1.78bn) +1% y/y; main profit driver |
Reserves 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| External assets (RON value, 31 Dec 2025) | +11.1% y/y nominal (+RON 40.23bn) +1.3% in real terms |
| Gold reserve | 103.6 tonnes 61.2t at the Bank of England |
| Reserve allocation shift | Cash & deposits share 36.3% (2024) → 32.2% (2025) Structural reallocation noted in the report |
Notable 2025
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Bank consolidation | Sector consolidated from 32 → 29 credit institutions — Alpha Bank Romania into UniCredit; OTP Romania into Banca Transilvania; Credit Europe folded into its Dutch parent. Trade Republic entered via a Romanian branch. |
| Reserve reallocation | The FY2025 report documents a strategic reallocation of reserves away from cash and deposits toward higher-yielding instruments, with gold treated as a core component of the reserve architecture. |
| Gold reserve above the Governor's ~100t cap | Governor Isărescu — in office since 1990 — has publicly capped the gold reserve at ~100 tonnes; it stood at 103.6t at end-2025. |
| Technical assistance to NBM | BNR provides sustained technical assistance to the National Bank of Moldova on financial-sector supervision and governance. |
| OECD accession | Romania's OECD accession process runs through BNR-supported evaluations of financial-sector legislation. |
Key legislation
Law No 312/2004 on the Statute of the National Bank of Romania
Central-bank statute
Government Emergency Ordinance No 99/2006 on credit institutions and capital adequacy
Banking (CRD/CRR)
Law No 209/2019 on payment services
PSD2 transposition
Public registers
Application portals
Recent publications
- BNR Raport anual 2025
2026-06-01